Journal of Smart Energy Systems and Sustainable Technologies

Articles

Vol. 1 (2025)

Photocatalytic MOF Membranes for Advanced Seawater Purification: From Material Design to Sustainable Water Treatment

Submitted
December 30, 2025
Published
2025-12-30

Abstract

Seawater pollution remains a pressing global challenge, intensified by industrial discharges, agricultural runoff, and maritime activities. Conventional water treatment methods are often limited by high energy costs, insufficient selectivity, and the risk of secondary pollution. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), recognized for their tunable porosity and high surface areas, are emerging as promising materials for advanced water purification. The integration of photocatalytic properties into MOF membranes offers a significant advantage: the addition of self-cleaning functionality to the inherent separation process, paving the way for more energy-efficient purification. This review explores recent progress in photocatalytic MOF membranes for treating seawater, addressing the critical issues of water scarcity and marine pollution. It examines how these materials can be enhanced through strategies like ligand functionalization, heterostructure engineering, and metal ion doping to boost their performance against organic pollutants, heavy metals, and pathogens. The synthesis of MOFs is discussed, alongside the critical need to optimize their stability, light absorption, and charge separation efficiency. Key challenges such as membrane fouling, salt scaling, and long-term durability are analyzed, along with potential solutions through material design and process engineering. Recent advances confirm the potential of these membranes for revolutionary improvements in water technology, especially when combined with renewable energy sources, highlighting their role in promoting sustainable water management and providing innovative directions for the field.

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