Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer
Journal of Material Science and Technology Research

Articles

Vol. 9 No. 1 (2022)

Short-Time Effects on Compressive Strength of Residual Soils Due to Rainwater

DOI
https://doi.org/10.31875/2410-4701.2022.09.09
Submitted
December 28, 2022
Published
2022-12-28

Abstract

Abstract: The short-term effects of acid rain on the geotechnical properties of residual soil were investigated. Artificial acid rain (AAR) of pH values 2, 4 and 6 was created with an infiltration setup to replicate the interaction between acid rain and soil. The soil specimens were infiltrated with AAR for durations of 30mins and 60mins for each pH level of 2, 4 and 6 and a control sample using deionised water of pH 7.5. Unconfined compression test (UCS) and Atterberg limits test were performed on the treated samples to study the mechanical behaviour and the characteristics of the soil once contaminated with AAR. The results revealed that reducing the pH value of AAR led to a reduction in compressive strength and Young’s modulus and an increment in liquid limit while the plastic limit remained unchanged. The reduction in compressive strength due to acid rain was observed to be almost halved when the bulk unit weight of the soil was increased for the same infiltration period.

References

  1. Ayers, G. P., Peng, L. C., Gillett, R. W. et al. Rainwater Composition and Acidity at Five Sites in Malaysia, in 1996. Water Air Soil Pollut. 2002; 133: 15-30. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012967614759
  2. Mohajan, H. 2019. Acid Rain is a Local Environment Pollution but Global Concern. Sci. J. Anal. Chem. 2019; 3: 47-55.
  3. Singh, A. & Agrawal, M. Acid rain and its ecological consequences. J. Environ. Biol. 2008; 29(1): 15-24.
  4. Omar, M. Z. & Rindam, M. The Impact of Acid Rain on Historical Buildings in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Des. Princ. Pract. 2011; 5(6): 175-192. https://doi.org/10.18848/1833-1874/CGP/v05i06/38233
  5. Menon, S., Denman, K. L., Brasseur, G., Chidthaisong, A., Ciais, P., Cox, P. M., Dickinson, R. E., Hauglustaine, D., Heinze, C. & Holland, E. Couplings between changes in the climate system and biogeochemistry. Berkeley: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab.(LBNL); 2007
  6. Santamarina, J., Klein, K., Wang, Y. H. et al. Specific surface: Determination and relevance. Can. Geotech. J. 2002; 39: 233-241. https://doi.org/10.1139/t01-077
  7. Imai, G., Komatsu, Y. & Fukue, M. Consolidation Yield Stress of Osaka-Bay Pleistocene Clay with Reference to Calcium Carbonate Contents. J. ASTM Int. 2006; 3(7). https://doi.org/10.1520/JAI13325
  8. Calace, N., Fiorentini, F., Petronio, B. M. et al. Effects of acid rain on soil humic compounds. Talanta 2001; 54(5): 837-846. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0039-9140(01)00334-4
  9. Moh, Z.-C. & Mazhar, M. F. Effects of method of preparation on index properties of lateritic soils. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, 1969; Mexico City
  10. Van Olphen, H. & Hsu, P. H. An Introduction to Clay Colloid Chemistry. Soil Sci.1978; 126(1).
  11. Bakhshipour, Z., Asadi, A., Huat, B. B. K. et al. Effect of acid rain on geotechnical properties of residual soils. Soils Found. 2016b; 56(6): 1008-1020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2016.11.006
  12. Bakhshipour, Z., Asadi, A., Huat, B. B. K. et al. Long-Term Intruding Effects of Acid Rain on Engineering Properties of Primary and Secondary Kaolinite Clays. Int. J. of Geosynth. and Ground Eng. 2016a; 2: 21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40891-016-0059-1
  13. Sunil, B. M., Nayak, S. & Shrihari, S. Effect of pH on the geotechnical properties of laterite. J. Eng. Geol. 2006; 85(1-2): 197-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2005.09.039
  14. Gratchev, I. & Towhata, I. Compressibility of soils containing kaolinite in acidic environments. KSCE J. Civ. Eng. 2016; 20: 623-630. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-015-0141-6
  15. Momeni, M., Bayat, M. & Ajalloeian, R. Laboratory investigation on the effects of pH-induced changes on geotechnical characteristics of clay soil. Geomech. Geoengin. 2020; 17(1): 188-196. https://doi.org/10.1080/17486025.2020.1716084
  16. Rama Vara Prasad, C., Hari Prasad Reddy, P., Ramana Murthy, V. et al. Swelling characteristics of soils subjected to acid contamination. Soils Found. 2018; 58(1): 110-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2017.11.005
  17. Kamon, M., Ying, C. & Katsumi, T. Effect of Acid Rain on Physico-Chemical and Engineering Properties of Soils. Soils Found. 1997; 37(4): 23-32 https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf.37.4_23
  18. Koupai, J. A., Fatahizadeh, M. & Mosaddeghi, M. R. Effect of pore water pH on mechanical properties of clay soil. Bull. Eng. Geol. Environ. 2020; 79: 1461-1469. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-019-01611-1
  19. Faraghati, S. N., Haji, M. S & Kolaei, A.G. Effect of pH Changes on the Geotechnical Properties of Clay Liners in Landfill. Adv. Res. Civ. Eng. 2019; 1: 49-57. https://doi.org/10.30469/arce.2019.82739
  20. Nivedya, K. Study on the Effect of pH on the Atterberg Limits of Kaolinitic and Montmorillonitic Clay. J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 2019. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0899-4_31
  21. Yule, C. M. & Gomez, L. N. Leaf litter decomposition in a tropical peat swamp forest in Peninsular Malaysia. Wetl. Ecol. Manag. 2009; 17(3): 231-241. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11273-008-9103-9
  22. Zabawi, A., Esa, S. & Leong, C. P. Effects of simulated acid rain on germination and growth of rice plant. J. Trop. Agric. and Fd. Sc. 2008; 36(2): 281-286.
  23. Kuylenstierna, J., Rodhe, H., Cinderby, S. et al. Acidification in Developing Countries: Ecosystem Sensitivity and the Critical Load Approach on a Global Scale. Ambio 2001; 30(1): 20-8. https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-30.1.20
  24. Ayers, G., Peng, L., Fook, L. et al. Atmospheric concentrations and deposition of oxidised sulfur and nitrogen species at Petaling Jaya, Malaysia, 1993-1998. Tellus B 2000; 52(1). https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v52i1.16082
  25. Mohamad, Shangarai, Ying. The Status of Acid Deposition in Malaysia Based on Malaysia Meteorological Department (MMD) Data analysis from 1994–2008. Research Publication No.2 2010.
  26. Ibrahim, M. H. et al. Investigation of Acid Rain Pattern in Selangor, Malaysia. Int. J. Adv. Sci. 2019; 28(8): 800 - 805.
  27. Kazmi, D., Qasim, S., Harahap, I. S. H. et al. Analytical study of the causes of the major landslide of Bukit Antarabangsa in 2008 using fault tree analysis. Innov. Infrastruct. Solut. 2017; 2: 55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-017-0105-4
  28. Huat, B., Gue, S. S. & Ali, F. H. Characterization of tropical soils in the design of material as natural foundation and fill. Tropical Residual Soils Engineering 2004. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203024621.ch8
  29. Jamalludin, D., Ahmad, A., Zakaria, Z., et al. Distribution of bulk unit weight of residual soils from the Northern Malaysia. JPCS 2019; 1349(1): 012025. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1349/1/012025
  30. Tan, S. H., Wong, S. W., Lee, M. L., et al. Soil column infiltration tests on biomediated capillary barrier systems for mitigating rainfall-induced landslides. Environ. Earth Sci. 2018; 77: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-018-7770-2
  31. Netinger Grubeša, I., Barišić, I., Fucic, A. et al. Characteristics and Uses of Steel Slag in Building Construction. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing; 2016
  32. Ola, S. A. Geotechnical properties and behaviour of some stabilized Nigerian lateritic soils. QJEGH 1978; 11: 145-160. https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.QJEG.1978.011.02.04
  33. Gratchev, I. & Towhata, I. Compressibility of natural soils subjected to long-term acidic contamination. Environ. Earth. Sci. 2011; 64(1): 193-200. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-010-0838-2
  34. Sadowski, A. J., Rotter, J. M., Stafford, P. J. et al. On the gradient of the yield plateau in structural carbon steels. J. Constr. Steel Res. 2017; 130: 120-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2016.11.024
  35. Duiker, S. W. 2004. Effects of soil compaction. The Pennsylvania State University; 2005: Available from https://extension.psu.edu/effects-of-soil-compaction.
  36. Gregory, J. H., Dukes, M. D., Jones, P. H. et al. Effect of urban soil compaction on infiltration rate. JSWC 2006; 61(3):117-124.
  37. Amini, Y. & Hamidi, A. Triaxial Shear Behavior of Cemented Sand-Gravel Mixtures. JRMGE 2014; 6(5): 455-465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2014.07.006