The results of studies of friction and wear of detonation composite coatings based on ternary magnesium boride under constant load over a range of sliding speeds are presented. Their structural and phase composition and the complex of surface oxide structures were determined using modern physical analysis methods. It has been established that the minimization of wear intensity and friction coefficients is due to the formation of a set of surface structures capable of regenerating a stable self-lubricating structured layer under friction conditions due to the ternary additive interaction of carbide graphite, complex oxide structures, and active aluminum- magnesium-boron compounds. Factors influencing the formation and maintenance of the dynamic level of the self-lubricating layer have been identified as a multiscale surface interaction phenomenon with an effective capacity for self-renewal and self-regulation. At the same time, the continuous protective layer of surface structures shields the adhesive-molecular interaction of contact combinations and blocks the development of unacceptable failure processes.