Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer

Articles

Vol. 8 (2021)

A Provisional Model for the Optimal Management of a Charging Station Assisted by Photovoltaic Panels for Plug-In Electric Vehicles

DOI
https://doi.org/10.31875/2410-2199.2021.08.9
Submitted
December 1, 2021
Published
2021-10-15

Abstract

There is a strongly increasing diffusion of Electric Vehicles (EV) and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV), in order to reduce air pollution in urban environment and to mitigate the global warming issues. Anyway, the achievement of this latter goal strictly depends on the source of primary energy used to generate electrical energy. In the paper, a model for the optimal design and operation of a charging station for EV and PHEV assisted by a PhotoVoltaic (PV) plant is presented. A provisional model for the estimation of the incoming insolation, based on cloudiness prevision, is integrated with a nonlinear constrained optimization algorithm, in order to satisfy the load while minimizing the recourse to electrical grid for battery storage charging. Simulations on different locations and charging loads for various size of PV plant and battery capacity are presented, and the benefits in terms of CO2 reduction discussed.

References

  1. Alireza Akbari-Dibavar, Vahid Sohrabi Tabar, Saeid Ghassem Zadeh, and Ramin Nourollahi. Two-stage robust energy management of a hybrid charging station integrated with the photovoltaic system. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2021; 46(24): 12701-12714. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.01.127
  2. Gamal Alkawsi, Yahia Baashar, Dallatu Abbas U, Ammar Ahmed Alkahtani, Sieh Kiong Tiong, et al. Review of renewable energy-based charging infrastructure for electric vehicles. Applied Sciences, 11(9): 3847, 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11093847
  3. Syed Muhammad Arif, Tek Tjing Lie, Boon Chong Seet, Soumia Ayyadi, and Kristian Jensen. Review of electric vehicle technologies, charging methods, standards and optimization techniques. Electronics, 2021; 10(16): 1910. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10161910
  4. Viorel Badescu. Verification of some very simple clear and cloudy sky models to evaluate global solar irradiance. Solar Energy, 61(4): 251-264, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-092X(97)00057-1
  5. Official Journal of the European Union. Regulation (EU) 2019/631 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 April 2019 setting CO2 emission performance standards for new passenger cars and for new light commercial vehicles, and repealing Regulations (EC) No 443/2009 and (EU) No 510/2011 (Text with EEA relevance.). Available online: https: //eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex: 32019R0631, 2021. Accessed on August 20th, 2021.
  6. Gestore dei Servizi Energetici. Valore del fattore emissivo relativo all’energia elettrica fornita ai veicoli stradali a trazione elettrica. Technical report, Gestore dei Servizi Energetici, 2018.
  7. Anton Kersten, Artem Rodionov, Manuel Kuder, Thomas Hammarström, Anton Lesnicar, and Torbjörn Thiringer. Review of technical design and safety requirements for vehicle chargers and their infrastructure according to national swedish and harmonized european standards. Energies, 2021; 14(11): 3301. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14113301
  8. A.R. Kizhakkan, A. Awasthi, and A.K. Rathore. Mobility Management in Urban Areas: Models and Perspectives, Chapter 2: Electric Vehicle Charging Station Location Optimization. Nova, 2021.
  9. Karima Kouka, Abdelkarim Masmoudi, Achraf Abdelkafi, and Lotfi Krichen. Dynamic energy management of an electric vehicle charging station using photovoltaic power. Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks, 2020; 24: 100402,.
  10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segan.2020.100402
  11. Desheng Li, Adama Zouma, Jian-Tang Liao, and Hong-Tzer Yang. An energy management strategy with renewable energy and energy storage system for a large electric vehicle charging station. eTransportation, 2020; 6: 100076. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etran.2020.100076
  12. Guodong Liu, Madhu Sudhan Chinthavali, Suman Debnath, and Kevin Tomsovic. Optimal sizing of an electric vehicle charging station with integration of pv and energy storage. Technical report, Oak Ridge National Lab.(ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States), 2021.
  13. Gianfranco Rizzo. Automotive applications of solar energy. IFAC Proceedings Volumes, 2010; 43(7): 174-185. https://doi.org/10.3182/20100712-3-DE-2013.00199
  14. Gianfranco Rizzo, Massimo Naddeo, and Cecilia Pisanti. Upgrading conventional cars to solar hybrid vehicles. International Journal of Powertrains, 7(1-3): 249-280, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPT.2018.090352
  15. Scopus. Search Database. Available online: https: //www.scopus.com/search/form.uri?display=basic#basic, 2021. Accessed on August 31st, 2021.
  16. Marco Sorrentino, Gianfranco Rizzo, and Luca Sorrentino. A study aimed at assessing the potential impact of vehicle electrification on grid infrastructure and road-traffic green house emissions. Applied Energy, 120: 31-40, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.01.040
  17. Baojun Sun. A multi-objective optimization model for fast electric vehicle charging stations with wind, pv power and energy storage. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2021; 288: 125564. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125564
  18. Francesco Antonio Tiano, Gianfranco Rizzo, and Dario Marra. Design and optimization of a charging station for electric vehicles based on compressed air energy storage. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 2018; 51(9): 230-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2018.07.038
  19. The Weather Channel. Weather Forecasts. Available online: https: //weather.com/, 2021. Accessed on August 20th, 2021.
  20. Meng Yang, Lihui Zhang, Zhenli Zhao, and Liwan Wang. Comprehensive benefits analysis of electric vehicle charging station integrated photovoltaic and energy storage. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2021; 302: 126967. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126967
  21. Xiao Zhaoxia, Li Hui, Zhu Tianli, and Li Huaimin. Day-ahead optimal scheduling strategy of microgrid with evs charging station. In 2019 IEEE 10th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG), 2019; pages 774-780. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/PEDG.2019.8807656